Caracterización de la presentación del concepto de distribución de frecuencias en libros de texto de grado sexto en el municipio de Florencia-Caquetá

La presente ponencia se deriva de la investigación realizada durante el segundo semestre de 2017 con sexto semestre de la Licenciatura en Matemáticas y Física, en el espacio académico Estadística y Probabilidad, en el cual se identificaron falencias en la conceptualización e interpretación de distribución de frecuencias, generado posiblemente por la presentación en los libros de texto que conlleva a la réplica de esta misma forma por parte de los profesores. La pregunta de investigación giró en torno a cómo presentan los libros de texto del grado sexto el tema Distribución de Frecuencias en las instituciones educativas urbanas del municipio de Florencia-Caquetá. La investigación se ubica en la teoría de Transposición Didáctica y el análisis de contenido. Se realizaron encuestas a docentes y estudiantes del grado sexto. La triangulación de la información fue el método de análisis. Se encontró que los profesores dan relevancia a los temas relacionados con las distribuciones de frecuencia pero no a este, y le dedican poco tiempo a su orientación, los libros de texto abordan de manera aritmética el concepto de distribución de frecuencias y la enmarcan más en la concepción matemática

Solar ultraviolet radiation is necessary to enhance grapevine fruit ripening transcriptional and phenolic responses

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation modulates secondary metabolism in the skin of Vitis vinifera L. berries, which affects the final composition of both grapes and wines. The expression of several phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-related genes is regulated by UV radiation in grape berries. However, the complete portion of transcriptome and ripening processes influenced by solar UV radiation in grapes remains unknown.Results: Whole genome arrays were used to identify the berry skin transcriptome modulated by the UV radiation received naturally in a mid-altitude Tempranillo vineyard. UV radiation-blocking and transmitting filters were used to generate the experimental conditions. The expression of 121 genes was significantly altered by solar UV radiation. Functional enrichment analysis of altered transcripts mainly pointed out that secondary metabolism-related transcripts were induced by UV radiation including VvFLS1, VvGT5 and VvGT6 flavonol biosynthetic genes and monoterpenoid biosynthetic genes. Berry skin phenolic composition was also analysed to search for correlation with gene expression changes and UV-increased flavonols accumulation was the most evident impact. Among regulatory genes, novel UV radiation-responsive transcription factors including VvMYB24 and three bHLH, together with known grapevine UV-responsive genes such as VvMYBF1, were identified. A transcriptomic meta-analysis revealed that genes up-regulated by UV radiation in the berry skin were also enriched in homologs of Arabidopsis UVR8 UV-B photoreceptor-dependent UV-B -responsive genes. Indeed, a search of the grapevine reference genomic sequence identified UV-B signalling pathway homologs and among them, VvHY5-1, VvHY5-2 and VvRUP were up-regulated by UV radiation in the berry skin.Conclusions: Results suggest that the UV-B radiation-specific signalling pathway is activated in the skin of grapes grown at mid-altitudes. The biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, which are appreciated in winemaking and potentially confer cross-tolerance, were almost specifically triggered. This draws attention to viticultural practices that increase solar UV radiation on vineyards as they may improve grape features. © 2014 Carbonell-Bejerano et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.ENO and JMA are grateful to the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) for financial support (Project CGL2011-26937). This study was funded in part by Project BIO2011-026229 from the Spanish MINECO. Microarray hybridizations were carried out at the Genomics Unit of the National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. The present work is integrated in the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action FA0906 of the European Union “UV-B radiation: a specific regulator of plant growth and food quality in a changing climate” as well as COST Action FA1106 “Quality fruit”.Peer Reviewe

Comparing sagittal heights calculated using corneal parameters and those measured with profilometry

Purpose: To compare the sagittal height of the anterior eye (OC-SAG) calculated using corneal parameters with the OC-SAG measured by profilometry. Method: Seventy right eyes of soft contact lens wearers measured with the ESP (Eaglet Eye, The Netherlands) after lens removal were retrospectively analyzed for this study. The OC-SAG of the eyes was calculated using mean k-values, eccentricity and the inner (corneal) radius obtained with the ESP for an 11-mm cord diameter. It was then extrapolated to chord diameters of 14, 14.5 and 15 mm. These values were compared with OC-SAG values obtained with the ESP for the same chord diameters. Additionally, the OC-SAG was calculated through the formula used by a lab that manufactures custom soft lenses (mark’ennovy, Madrid, Spain) and compared again with the values obtained using the ESP. Results: Differences between calculated OC-SAG obviating the shape factor were 121 ± 44, 155 ± 105, 172 ± 117 and 189 ± 129 µm for chord diameters of 11, 14, 14.5 and 15 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). When the shape factor was included in the calculation, differences were 28 ± 48, 62 ± 102, 79 ± 113 and 96 ± 123 µm (p < 0.001). When the inner best fit sphere was used to estimate OC-SAG, differences were 34 ± 11, 0 ± 72, 17 ± 86 and 34 ± 99, respectively, with no significant differences for the 14 and 14.5 mm-chord diameters (p = 0.99 and 0.11, respectively). Correlation coefficients between OC-SAG calculated and measured OC-SAG ranged from 0.53 to 0.90 depending on the chord diameter used. When the mark’ennovy formula was used to calculate the OC-SAG as the lens diameter proposed by the formula, the difference was −47 ± 147 µm (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Differences between the OC-SAG calculated using corneal parameters and that measured with a profilometer are statistically and clinically significant, especially for large chord diameters. The impact of this on contact lens fitting should be addressed in future studies.The author David P. Piñero was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness within the Ramón y Cajal program, RYC-2016-20471

Epifisiolisis de cabeza de radio asociadas a luxación de codo y reducción espontánea

Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de 10 casos de la epifisiolisis de cabeza de radio ocurridas durante el periodo 1992 a 1997, con un desplazamiento mayor de 60º que según los criterios de O'Brien corresponderían a un grado III. De todas las revisadas seleccionamos 6 casos en los que había una angulación mayor de 90º, creemos ocurren después de luxación o reducción espontánea de luxación de codo; por ser las más frecuentes, las que más problemas presentan en el tratamiento y las que producen más secuelas. Nuestro objetivo es valorar los resultados obtenidos con nuestros tratamientos y realizar una revisión bibliográfica.We have done a retrospective study of ten cases of radial head epiphysiolysis occurred between 1992 and 1997, displaced more than 60º. (O'Brien's grade III). Amongst them we have selected those which were displaced more than 90º (six cases) probably occurred after an elbow luxation or after the spontaneous reduction of an elbow luxation; because the are more infrequent, more troublesome and they give more secuelae. Our aim is to evaluate the results obtained with the treatment and to review the literature

Quantitative John–Nirenberg inequalities at different scales

Given a family Z = { · Z Q } of norms or quasi-norms with uniformly bounded triangle inequality constants, where each Q is a cube in Rn, we provide an abstract estimate of the form f − fQ,μZ Q ≤ c(μ)ψ(Z) f BMO(dμ) for every function f ∈ BMO(dμ), where μ is a doubling measure in Rn and c(μ) and ψ(Z) are positive constants depending on μ and Z, respectively. That abstract scheme allows us to recover the sharp estimate f − fQ,μL p Q, dμ(x) μ(Q) ≤ c(μ)p f BMO(dμ), p ≥ 1 for every cube Q and every f ∈ BMO(dμ), which is known to be equivalent to the John–Nirenberg inequality, and also enables us to obtain quantitative counterparts when L p is replaced by suitable strong and weak Orlicz spaces and L p(·) spaces. Besides the aforementioned results we also generalize [(Ombrosi in Isr J Math 238:571-591, 2020), Theorem 1.2] to the setting of doubling measures and obtain a new characterization of Muckenhoupt’s A∞ weightsJ. C. M.-P. is supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2018-2021 program and by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through BCAM Severo Ochoa accreditation SEV-2017-0718. He is also supported by MINECO through the MTM2017-82160-C2-1-P project funded by (AEI/FEDER, UE), acronym “HAQMEC”, through ”la Caixa” Grant, and through the MATHROCKS project, funded by European Commission with Grant Agreement Number 777778 (H2020- MSCA-RISE-2017). He is also grateful to the people of the Universidad de Buenos Aires and the Universidad Nacional del Sur for their hospitality during his visit to Argentina in 2019. E.R. is partially supported by Grants UBACyT 20020170200057BA and PIP (CONICET) 11220110101018. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant agreement No 777822. I.P.R.-R. is partially supported by Grants PICT 2018-02501 and PICT 2019-00018 (Agencia I+D+i) and by Grant UMA18-FEDERJA-002 (FEDER). Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

A new subspecies of Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. album (Apiaceae) from the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula

[EN] We describe Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. album Martinez-Fort & Donat-Torres subsp. nov., in which we grouped the thermomediterranean populations scattered along the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The characters that differentiate this new subspecies from other infraspecific taxa in Peucedanum officinale are its canaliculated leaflet, the inflorescences much branched and lack of dominant terminal umbels, the umbels are few rayed, sometimes sessile and lateral, the petals are white and the fruit pedicels short, the same or shorter in length than the fruit. We provide here a full description of the new subspecies based on herbarium specimens and field measurements, as well as providing dichotomous keys to the subspecies within P. officinale. In addition, we provide a comparison of the ITS sequences of nrDNA with the most closely related taxons.Martínez-Fort, J.; León Santana, M.; Donat-Torres, MP. (2019). A new subspecies of Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. album (Apiaceae) from the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. PhytoKeys (Online). (131):37-55. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.321733755131Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215(3), 403-410. doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80360-2Darriba, D., Taboada, G. L., Doallo, R., & Posada, D. (2012). jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9(8), 772-772. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2109Downie, S. R., Watson, M. F., Spalik, K., & Katz-Downie, D. S. (2000). Molecular systematics of Old World Apioideae (Apiaceae): relationships among some members of tribe Peucedaneae sensu lato, the placement of several island-endemic species, and resolution within the apioid superclade. Canadian Journal of Botany, 78(4), 506-528. doi:10.1139/b00-029Downie, S. R., Spalik, K., Katz-Downie, D. S., & Reduron, J.-P. (2010). Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences. Plant Diversity and Evolution, 128(1-2), 111-136. doi:10.1127/1869-6155/2010/0128-0005Engler, A., Krause, K., Pilger, R. K. F., & Prantl, K. A. E. (1887). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet von A. Engler und K. Prantl, fortgesetzt von A. Engler ... doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4635García Martín, F., & Silvestre, S. (1992). Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. brachyradium García-Martín y Silvestre: nuevo taxon de Umbelliferae. Acta Botanica Malacitana, 17, 119-121. doi:10.24310/abm.v17i.9022Kljuykov, E. V., Liu, M., Ostroumova, T. A., Pimenov, M. G., Tilney, P. M., van Wyk, B.-E., & van Staden, J. (2004). Towards a standardised terminology for taxonomically important morphological characters in the Umbelliferae. South African Journal of Botany, 70(3), 488-496. doi:10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30233-7Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547-1549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msy096Spalik, K., Reduron, J.-P., & Downie, S. R. (2004). The phylogenetic position of Peucedanum sensu lato and allied genera and their placement in tribe Selineae (Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 243(3-4), 189-210. doi:10.1007/s00606-003-0066-2White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. (1990). AMPLIFICATION AND DIRECT SEQUENCING OF FUNGAL RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES FOR PHYLOGENETICS. PCR Protocols, 315-322. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1Magee, A. R., Van Wyk, B.-E., Tilney, P. M., & Downie, S. R. (2007). New generic circumscriptions of Cape peucedanoid species (Apiaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 73(2), 298-299. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2007.02.07